PNG  IHDRQgAMA a cHRMz&u0`:pQ<bKGDgmIDATxwUﹻ& ^CX(J I@ "% (** BX +*i"]j(IH{~R)[~>h{}gy)I$Ij .I$I$ʊy@}x.: $I$Ii}VZPC)I$IF ^0ʐJ$I$Q^}{"r=OzI$gRZeC.IOvH eKX $IMpxsk.쒷/&r[޳<v| .I~)@$updYRa$I |M.e JaֶpSYR6j>h%IRز if&uJ)M$I vLi=H;7UJ,],X$I1AҒJ$ XY XzI@GNҥRT)E@;]K*Mw;#5_wOn~\ DC&$(A5 RRFkvIR}l!RytRl;~^ǷJj اy뷦BZJr&ӥ8Pjw~vnv X^(I;4R=P[3]J,]ȏ~:3?[ a&e)`e*P[4]T=Cq6R[ ~ޤrXR Հg(t_HZ-Hg M$ãmL5R uk*`%C-E6/%[t X.{8P9Z.vkXŐKjgKZHg(aK9ڦmKjѺm_ \#$5,)-  61eJ,5m| r'= &ڡd%-]J on Xm|{ RҞe $eڧY XYrԮ-a7RK6h>n$5AVڴi*ֆK)mѦtmr1p| q:흺,)Oi*ֺK)ܬ֦K-5r3>0ԔHjJئEZj,%re~/z%jVMڸmrt)3]J,T K֦OvԒgii*bKiNO~%PW0=dii2tJ9Jݕ{7"I P9JKTbu,%r"6RKU}Ij2HKZXJ,妝 XYrP ެ24c%i^IK|.H,%rb:XRl1X4Pe/`x&P8Pj28Mzsx2r\zRPz4J}yP[g=L) .Q[6RjWgp FIH*-`IMRaK9TXcq*I y[jE>cw%gLRԕiFCj-ďa`#e~I j,%r,)?[gp FI˨mnWX#>mʔ XA DZf9,nKҲzIZXJ,L#kiPz4JZF,I,`61%2s $,VOϚ2/UFJfy7K> X+6 STXIeJILzMfKm LRaK9%|4p9LwJI!`NsiazĔ)%- XMq>pk$-$Q2x#N ؎-QR}ᶦHZډ)J,l#i@yn3LN`;nڔ XuX5pF)m|^0(>BHF9(cզEerJI rg7 4I@z0\JIi䵙RR0s;$s6eJ,`n 䂦0a)S)A 1eJ,堌#635RIgpNHuTH_SԕqVe ` &S)>p;S$魁eKIuX`I4춒o}`m$1":PI<[v9^\pTJjriRŭ P{#{R2,`)e-`mgj~1ϣLKam7&U\j/3mJ,`F;M'䱀 .KR#)yhTq;pcK9(q!w?uRR,n.yw*UXj#\]ɱ(qv2=RqfB#iJmmL<]Y͙#$5 uTU7ӦXR+q,`I}qL'`6Kͷ6r,]0S$- [RKR3oiRE|nӦXR.(i:LDLTJjY%o:)6rxzҒqTJjh㞦I.$YR.ʼnGZ\ֿf:%55 I˼!6dKxm4E"mG_ s? .e*?LRfK9%q#uh$)i3ULRfK9yxm܌bj84$i1U^@Wbm4uJ,ҪA>_Ij?1v32[gLRD96oTaR׿N7%L2 NT,`)7&ƝL*꽙yp_$M2#AS,`)7$rkTA29_Iye"|/0t)$n XT2`YJ;6Jx".e<`$) PI$5V4]29SRI>~=@j]lp2`K9Jaai^" Ԋ29ORI%:XV5]JmN9]H;1UC39NI%Xe78t)a;Oi Ҙ>Xt"~G>_mn:%|~ޅ_+]$o)@ǀ{hgN;IK6G&rp)T2i୦KJuv*T=TOSV>(~D>dm,I*Ɛ:R#ۙNI%D>G.n$o;+#RR!.eU˽TRI28t)1LWϚ>IJa3oFbu&:tJ*(F7y0ZR ^p'Ii L24x| XRI%ۄ>S1]Jy[zL$adB7.eh4%%누>WETf+3IR:I3Xה)3אOۦSRO'ٺ)S}"qOr[B7ϙ.edG)^ETR"RtRݜh0}LFVӦDB^k_JDj\=LS(Iv─aTeZ%eUAM-0;~˃@i|l @S4y72>sX-vA}ϛBI!ݎߨWl*)3{'Y|iSlEڻ(5KtSI$Uv02,~ԩ~x;P4ցCrO%tyn425:KMlD ^4JRxSهF_}شJTS6uj+ﷸk$eZO%G*^V2u3EMj3k%)okI]dT)URKDS 7~m@TJR~荪fT"֛L \sM -0T KfJz+nإKr L&j()[E&I ߴ>e FW_kJR|!O:5/2跌3T-'|zX ryp0JS ~^F>-2< `*%ZFP)bSn"L :)+pʷf(pO3TMW$~>@~ū:TAIsV1}S2<%ޟM?@iT ,Eūoz%i~g|`wS(]oȤ8)$ ntu`өe`6yPl IzMI{ʣzʨ )IZ2= ld:5+請M$-ї;U>_gsY$ÁN5WzWfIZ)-yuXIfp~S*IZdt;t>KūKR|$#LcԀ+2\;kJ`]YǔM1B)UbG"IRߊ<xܾӔJ0Z='Y嵤 Leveg)$znV-º^3Ւof#0Tfk^Zs[*I꯳3{)ˬW4Ւ4 OdpbZRS|*I 55#"&-IvT&/윚Ye:i$ 9{LkuRe[I~_\ؠ%>GL$iY8 9ܕ"S`kS.IlC;Ҏ4x&>u_0JLr<J2(^$5L s=MgV ~,Iju> 7r2)^=G$1:3G< `J3~&IR% 6Tx/rIj3O< ʔ&#f_yXJiގNSz; Tx(i8%#4 ~AS+IjerIUrIj362v885+IjAhK__5X%nV%Iͳ-y|7XV2v4fzo_68"S/I-qbf; LkF)KSM$ Ms>K WNV}^`-큧32ŒVؙGdu,^^m%6~Nn&͓3ŒVZMsRpfEW%IwdǀLm[7W&bIRL@Q|)* i ImsIMmKmyV`i$G+R 0tV'!V)֏28vU7͒vHꦼtxꗞT ;S}7Mf+fIRHNZUkUx5SAJㄌ9MqμAIRi|j5)o*^'<$TwI1hEU^c_j?Е$%d`z cyf,XO IJnTgA UXRD }{H}^S,P5V2\Xx`pZ|Yk:$e ~ @nWL.j+ϝYb퇪bZ BVu)u/IJ_ 1[p.p60bC >|X91P:N\!5qUB}5a5ja `ubcVxYt1N0Zzl4]7­gKj]?4ϻ *[bg$)+À*x쳀ogO$~,5 زUS9 lq3+5mgw@np1sso Ӻ=|N6 /g(Wv7U;zωM=wk,0uTg_`_P`uz?2yI!b`kĸSo+Qx%!\οe|އԁKS-s6pu_(ֿ$i++T8=eY; צP+phxWQv*|p1. ά. XRkIQYP,drZ | B%wP|S5`~́@i޾ E;Չaw{o'Q?%iL{u D?N1BD!owPHReFZ* k_-~{E9b-~P`fE{AܶBJAFO wx6Rox5 K5=WwehS8 (JClJ~ p+Fi;ŗo+:bD#g(C"wA^ r.F8L;dzdIHUX݆ϞXg )IFqem%I4dj&ppT{'{HOx( Rk6^C٫O.)3:s(۳(Z?~ٻ89zmT"PLtw䥈5&b<8GZ-Y&K?e8,`I6e(֍xb83 `rzXj)F=l($Ij 2*(F?h(/9ik:I`m#p3MgLaKjc/U#n5S# m(^)=y=đx8ŬI[U]~SцA4p$-F i(R,7Cx;X=cI>{Km\ o(Tv2vx2qiiDJN,Ҏ!1f 5quBj1!8 rDFd(!WQl,gSkL1Bxg''՞^ǘ;pQ P(c_ IRujg(Wz bs#P­rz> k c&nB=q+ؔXn#r5)co*Ũ+G?7< |PQӣ'G`uOd>%Mctz# Ԫڞ&7CaQ~N'-P.W`Oedp03C!IZcIAMPUۀ5J<\u~+{9(FbbyAeBhOSܳ1 bÈT#ŠyDžs,`5}DC-`̞%r&ڙa87QWWp6e7 Rϫ/oY ꇅ Nܶըtc!LA T7V4Jsū I-0Pxz7QNF_iZgúWkG83 0eWr9 X]㾮݁#Jˢ C}0=3ݱtBi]_ &{{[/o[~ \q鯜00٩|cD3=4B_b RYb$óBRsf&lLX#M*C_L܄:gx)WΘsGSbuL rF$9';\4Ɍq'n[%p.Q`u hNb`eCQyQ|l_C>Lb꟟3hSb #xNxSs^ 88|Mz)}:](vbۢamŖ࿥ 0)Q7@0=?^k(*J}3ibkFn HjB׻NO z x}7p 0tfDX.lwgȔhԾŲ }6g E |LkLZteu+=q\Iv0쮑)QٵpH8/2?Σo>Jvppho~f>%bMM}\//":PTc(v9v!gոQ )UfVG+! 35{=x\2+ki,y$~A1iC6#)vC5^>+gǵ@1Hy٪7u;p psϰu/S <aʸGu'tD1ԝI<pg|6j'p:tպhX{o(7v],*}6a_ wXRk,O]Lܳ~Vo45rp"N5k;m{rZbΦ${#)`(Ŵg,;j%6j.pyYT?}-kBDc3qA`NWQū20/^AZW%NQ MI.X#P#,^Ebc&?XR tAV|Y.1!؅⨉ccww>ivl(JT~ u`ٵDm q)+Ri x/x8cyFO!/*!/&,7<.N,YDŽ&ܑQF1Bz)FPʛ?5d 6`kQձ λc؎%582Y&nD_$Je4>a?! ͨ|ȎWZSsv8 j(I&yj Jb5m?HWp=g}G3#|I,5v珿] H~R3@B[☉9Ox~oMy=J;xUVoj bUsl_35t-(ՃɼRB7U!qc+x4H_Qo֮$[GO<4`&č\GOc[.[*Af%mG/ ňM/r W/Nw~B1U3J?P&Y )`ѓZ1p]^l“W#)lWZilUQu`-m|xĐ,_ƪ|9i:_{*(3Gѧ}UoD+>m_?VPۅ15&}2|/pIOʵ> GZ9cmíتmnz)yߐbD >e}:) r|@R5qVSA10C%E_'^8cR7O;6[eKePGϦX7jb}OTGO^jn*媓7nGMC t,k31Rb (vyܴʭ!iTh8~ZYZp(qsRL ?b}cŨʊGO^!rPJO15MJ[c&~Z`"ѓޔH1C&^|Ш|rʼ,AwĴ?b5)tLU)F| &g٣O]oqSUjy(x<Ϳ3 .FSkoYg2 \_#wj{u'rQ>o;%n|F*O_L"e9umDds?.fuuQbIWz |4\0 sb;OvxOSs; G%T4gFRurj(֍ڑb uԖKDu1MK{1^ q; C=6\8FR艇!%\YÔU| 88m)֓NcLve C6z;o&X x59:q61Z(T7>C?gcļxѐ Z oo-08jہ x,`' ҔOcRlf~`jj".Nv+sM_]Zk g( UOPyεx%pUh2(@il0ݽQXxppx-NS( WO+轾 nFߢ3M<;z)FBZjciu/QoF 7R¥ ZFLF~#ȣߨ^<쩡ݛкvџ))ME>ώx4m#!-m!L;vv#~Y[đKmx9.[,UFS CVkZ +ߟrY٧IZd/ioi$%͝ب_ֶX3ܫhNU ZZgk=]=bbJS[wjU()*I =ώ:}-蹞lUj:1}MWm=̛ _ ¾,8{__m{_PVK^n3esw5ӫh#$-q=A̟> ,^I}P^J$qY~Q[ Xq9{#&T.^GVj__RKpn,b=`żY@^՝;z{paVKkQXj/)y TIc&F;FBG7wg ZZDG!x r_tƢ!}i/V=M/#nB8 XxЫ ^@CR<{䤭YCN)eKOSƟa $&g[i3.C6xrOc8TI;o hH6P&L{@q6[ Gzp^71j(l`J}]e6X☉#͕ ׈$AB1Vjh㭦IRsqFBjwQ_7Xk>y"N=MB0 ,C #o6MRc0|$)ف"1!ixY<B9mx `,tA>)5ػQ?jQ?cn>YZe Tisvh# GMމȇp:ԴVuږ8ɼH]C.5C!UV;F`mbBk LTMvPʍϤj?ԯ/Qr1NB`9s"s TYsz &9S%U԰> {<ؿSMxB|H\3@!U| k']$U+> |HHMLޢ?V9iD!-@x TIî%6Z*9X@HMW#?nN ,oe6?tQwڱ.]-y':mW0#!J82qFjH -`ѓ&M0u Uγmxϵ^-_\])@0Rt.8/?ٰCY]x}=sD3ojަЫNuS%U}ԤwHH>ڗjܷ_3gN q7[q2la*ArǓԖ+p8/RGM ]jacd(JhWko6ڎbj]i5Bj3+3!\j1UZLsLTv8HHmup<>gKMJj0@H%,W΃7R) ">c, xixј^ aܖ>H[i.UIHc U1=yW\=S*GR~)AF=`&2h`DzT󑓶J+?W+}C%P:|0H܆}-<;OC[~o.$~i}~HQ TvXΈr=b}$vizL4:ȰT|4~*!oXQR6Lk+#t/g lԁߖ[Jڶ_N$k*". xsxX7jRVbAAʯKҎU3)zSNN _'s?f)6X!%ssAkʱ>qƷb hg %n ~p1REGMHH=BJiy[<5 ǁJҖgKR*倳e~HUy)Ag,K)`Vw6bRR:qL#\rclK/$sh*$ 6덤 KԖc 3Z9=Ɣ=o>X Ώ"1 )a`SJJ6k(<c e{%kϊP+SL'TcMJWRm ŏ"w)qc ef꒵i?b7b('"2r%~HUS1\<(`1Wx9=8HY9m:X18bgD1u ~|H;K-Uep,, C1 RV.MR5άh,tWO8WC$ XRVsQS]3GJ|12 [vM :k#~tH30Rf-HYݺ-`I9%lIDTm\ S{]9gOڒMNCV\G*2JRŨ;Rҏ^ڽ̱mq1Eu?To3I)y^#jJw^Ńj^vvlB_⋌P4x>0$c>K†Aļ9s_VjTt0l#m>E-,,x,-W)سo&96RE XR.6bXw+)GAEvL)͞K4$p=Ũi_ѱOjb HY/+@θH9޼]Nԥ%n{ &zjT? Ty) s^ULlb,PiTf^<À] 62R^V7)S!nllS6~͝V}-=%* ʻ>G DnK<y&>LPy7'r=Hj 9V`[c"*^8HpcO8bnU`4JȪAƋ#1_\ XϘHPRgik(~G~0DAA_2p|J묭a2\NCr]M_0 ^T%e#vD^%xy-n}-E\3aS%yN!r_{ )sAw ڼp1pEAk~v<:`'ӭ^5 ArXOI驻T (dk)_\ PuA*BY]yB"l\ey hH*tbK)3 IKZ򹞋XjN n *n>k]X_d!ryBH ]*R 0(#'7 %es9??ښFC,ՁQPjARJ\Ρw K#jahgw;2$l*) %Xq5!U᢯6Re] |0[__64ch&_}iL8KEgҎ7 M/\`|.p,~`a=BR?xܐrQ8K XR2M8f ?`sgWS%" Ԉ 7R%$ N}?QL1|-эټwIZ%pvL3Hk>,ImgW7{E xPHx73RA @RS CC !\ȟ5IXR^ZxHл$Q[ŝ40 (>+ _C >BRt<,TrT {O/H+˟Pl6 I B)/VC<6a2~(XwV4gnXR ϱ5ǀHٻ?tw똤Eyxp{#WK qG%5],(0ӈH HZ])ג=K1j&G(FbM@)%I` XRg ʔ KZG(vP,<`[ Kn^ SJRsAʠ5xՅF`0&RbV tx:EaUE/{fi2;.IAwW8/tTxAGOoN?G}l L(n`Zv?pB8K_gI+ܗ #i?ޙ.) p$utc ~DžfՈEo3l/)I-U?aԅ^jxArA ΧX}DmZ@QLےbTXGd.^|xKHR{|ΕW_h] IJ`[G9{).y) 0X YA1]qp?p_k+J*Y@HI>^?gt.06Rn ,` ?);p pSF9ZXLBJPWjgQ|&)7! HjQt<| ؅W5 x W HIzYoVMGP Hjn`+\(dNW)F+IrS[|/a`K|ͻ0Hj{R,Q=\ (F}\WR)AgSG`IsnAR=|8$}G(vC$)s FBJ?]_u XRvύ6z ŨG[36-T9HzpW̞ú Xg큽=7CufzI$)ki^qk-) 0H*N` QZkk]/tnnsI^Gu't=7$ Z;{8^jB% IItRQS7[ϭ3 $_OQJ`7!]W"W,)Iy W AJA;KWG`IY{8k$I$^%9.^(`N|LJ%@$I}ֽp=FB*xN=gI?Q{٥4B)mw $Igc~dZ@G9K X?7)aK%݅K$IZ-`IpC U6$I\0>!9k} Xa IIS0H$I H ?1R.Чj:4~Rw@p$IrA*u}WjWFPJ$I➓/6#! LӾ+ X36x8J |+L;v$Io4301R20M I$-E}@,pS^ޟR[/s¹'0H$IKyfŸfVOπFT*a$I>He~VY/3R/)>d$I>28`Cjw,n@FU*9ttf$I~<;=/4RD~@ X-ѕzἱI$: ԍR a@b X{+Qxuq$IЛzo /~3\8ڒ4BN7$IҀj V]n18H$IYFBj3̵̚ja pp $Is/3R Ӻ-Yj+L;.0ŔI$Av? #!5"aʄj}UKmɽH$IjCYs?h$IDl843.v}m7UiI=&=0Lg0$I4: embe` eQbm0u? $IT!Sƍ'-sv)s#C0:XB2a w I$zbww{."pPzO =Ɔ\[ o($Iaw]`E).Kvi:L*#gР7[$IyGPI=@R 4yR~̮´cg I$I/<tPͽ hDgo 94Z^k盇΄8I56^W$I^0̜N?4*H`237}g+hxoq)SJ@p|` $I%>-hO0eO>\ԣNߌZD6R=K ~n($I$y3D>o4b#px2$yڪtzW~a $I~?x'BwwpH$IZݑnC㧄Pc_9sO gwJ=l1:mKB>Ab<4Lp$Ib o1ZQ@85b̍ S'F,Fe,^I$IjEdù{l4 8Ys_s Z8.x m"+{~?q,Z D!I$ϻ'|XhB)=…']M>5 rgotԎ 獽PH$IjIPhh)n#cÔqA'ug5qwU&rF|1E%I$%]!'3AFD/;Ck_`9 v!ٴtPV;x`'*bQa w I$Ix5 FC3D_~A_#O݆DvV?<qw+I$I{=Z8".#RIYyjǪ=fDl9%M,a8$I$Ywi[7ݍFe$s1ՋBVA?`]#!oz4zjLJo8$I$%@3jAa4(o ;p,,dya=F9ً[LSPH$IJYЉ+3> 5"39aZ<ñh!{TpBGkj}Sp $IlvF.F$I z< '\K*qq.f<2Y!S"-\I$IYwčjF$ w9 \ߪB.1v!Ʊ?+r:^!I$BϹB H"B;L'G[ 4U#5>੐)|#o0aڱ$I>}k&1`U#V?YsV x>{t1[I~D&(I$I/{H0fw"q"y%4 IXyE~M3 8XψL}qE$I[> nD?~sf ]o΁ cT6"?'_Ἣ $I>~.f|'!N?⟩0G KkXZE]ޡ;/&?k OۘH$IRۀwXӨ<7@PnS04aӶp.:@\IWQJ6sS%I$e5ڑv`3:x';wq_vpgHyXZ 3gЂ7{{EuԹn±}$I$8t;b|591nءQ"P6O5i }iR̈́%Q̄p!I䮢]O{H$IRϻ9s֧ a=`- aB\X0"+5"C1Hb?߮3x3&gşggl_hZ^,`5?ߎvĸ%̀M!OZC2#0x LJ0 Gw$I$I}<{Eb+y;iI,`ܚF:5ܛA8-O-|8K7s|#Z8a&><a&/VtbtLʌI$I$I$I$I$I$IRjDD%tEXtdate:create2022-05-31T04:40:26+00:00!Î%tEXtdate:modify2022-05-31T04:40:26+00:00|{2IENDB`Mini Shell

HOME


Mini Shell 1.0
DIR:/usr/share/doc/python-docs-2.7.5/html/library/
Upload File :
Current File : //usr/share/doc/python-docs-2.7.5/html/library/pkgutil.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">


<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    
    <title>30.5. pkgutil — Package extension utility &mdash; Python 2.7.5 documentation</title>
    
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
      var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
        URL_ROOT:    '../',
        VERSION:     '2.7.5',
        COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
        FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
        HAS_SOURCE:  true
      };
    </script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script>
    <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
          title="Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation"
          href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>
    <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" />
    <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" />
    <link rel="top" title="Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../index.html" />
    <link rel="up" title="30. Importing Modules" href="modules.html" />
    <link rel="next" title="30.6. modulefinder — Find modules used by a script" href="modulefinder.html" />
    <link rel="prev" title="30.4. zipimport — Import modules from Zip archives" href="zipimport.html" />
    <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script>
    
 

  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="related">
      <h3>Navigation</h3>
      <ul>
        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
          <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
             accesskey="I">index</a></li>
        <li class="right" >
          <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
             >modules</a> |</li>
        <li class="right" >
          <a href="modulefinder.html" title="30.6. modulefinder — Find modules used by a script"
             accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
        <li class="right" >
          <a href="zipimport.html" title="30.4. zipimport — Import modules from Zip archives"
             accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
        <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt=""
                 style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
        <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> &raquo;</li>
        <li>
          <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> &raquo;
        </li>

          <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> &raquo;</li>
          <li><a href="modules.html" accesskey="U">30. Importing Modules</a> &raquo;</li> 
      </ul>
    </div>  

    <div class="document">
      <div class="documentwrapper">
        <div class="bodywrapper">
          <div class="body">
            
  <div class="section" id="module-pkgutil">
<span id="pkgutil-package-extension-utility"></span><h1>30.5. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-pkgutil" title="pkgutil: Utilities for the import system."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">pkgutil</span></tt></a> &#8212; Package extension utility<a class="headerlink" href="#module-pkgutil" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.3.</span></p>
<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/pkgutil.py">Lib/pkgutil.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>This module provides utilities for the import system, in particular package
support.</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="pkgutil.extend_path">
<tt class="descclassname">pkgutil.</tt><tt class="descname">extend_path</tt><big>(</big><em>path</em>, <em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#pkgutil.extend_path" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Extend the search path for the modules which comprise a package.  Intended
use is to place the following code in a package&#8217;s <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">__init__.py</span></tt>:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pkgutil</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">extend_path</span>
<span class="n">__path__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">extend_path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">__path__</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">__name__</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This will add to the package&#8217;s <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__path__</span></tt> all subdirectories of directories
on <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt> named after the package.  This is useful if one wants to
distribute different parts of a single logical package as multiple
directories.</p>
<p>It also looks for <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.pkg</span></tt> files beginning where <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*</span></tt> matches the
<em>name</em> argument.  This feature is similar to <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.pth</span></tt> files (see the
<a class="reference internal" href="site.html#module-site" title="site: Module responsible for site-specific configuration."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">site</span></tt></a> module for more information), except that it doesn&#8217;t special-case
lines starting with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">import</span></tt>.  A <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.pkg</span></tt> file is trusted at face
value: apart from checking for duplicates, all entries found in a
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.pkg</span></tt> file are added to the path, regardless of whether they exist
on the filesystem.  (This is a feature.)</p>
<p>If the input path is not a list (as is the case for frozen packages) it is
returned unchanged.  The input path is not modified; an extended copy is
returned.  Items are only appended to the copy at the end.</p>
<p>It is assumed that <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt></a> is a sequence.  Items of <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt></a>
that are not (Unicode or 8-bit) strings referring to existing directories are
ignored.  Unicode items on <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt></a> that cause errors when used as
filenames may cause this function to raise an exception (in line with
<a class="reference internal" href="os.path.html#os.path.isdir" title="os.path.isdir"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">os.path.isdir()</span></tt></a> behavior).</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="pkgutil.ImpImporter">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">pkgutil.</tt><tt class="descname">ImpImporter</tt><big>(</big><em>dirname=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#pkgutil.ImpImporter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> Importer that wraps Python&#8217;s &#8220;classic&#8221; import algorithm.</p>
<p>If <em>dirname</em> is a string, a <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> importer is created that searches that
directory.  If <em>dirname</em> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, a <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> importer is created that
searches the current <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt></a>, plus any modules that are frozen or
built-in.</p>
<p>Note that <a class="reference internal" href="#pkgutil.ImpImporter" title="pkgutil.ImpImporter"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ImpImporter</span></tt></a> does not currently support being used by
placement on <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.meta_path" title="sys.meta_path"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.meta_path</span></tt></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="pkgutil.ImpLoader">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">pkgutil.</tt><tt class="descname">ImpLoader</tt><big>(</big><em>fullname</em>, <em>file</em>, <em>filename</em>, <em>etc</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#pkgutil.ImpLoader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p><span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> Loader that wraps Python&#8217;s &#8220;classic&#8221; import algorithm.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="pkgutil.find_loader">
<tt class="descclassname">pkgutil.</tt><tt class="descname">find_loader</tt><big>(</big><em>fullname</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#pkgutil.find_loader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Find a <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> &#8220;loader&#8221; object for <em>fullname</em>.</p>
<p>If <em>fullname</em> contains dots, path must be the containing package&#8217;s
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__path__</span></tt>.  Returns <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> if the module cannot be found or imported.
This function uses <a class="reference internal" href="#pkgutil.iter_importers" title="pkgutil.iter_importers"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">iter_importers()</span></tt></a>, and is thus subject to the same
limitations regarding platform-specific special import locations such as the
Windows registry.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="pkgutil.get_importer">
<tt class="descclassname">pkgutil.</tt><tt class="descname">get_importer</tt><big>(</big><em>path_item</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#pkgutil.get_importer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Retrieve a <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> importer for the given <em>path_item</em>.</p>
<p>The returned importer is cached in <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path_importer_cache" title="sys.path_importer_cache"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path_importer_cache</span></tt></a> if it was
newly created by a path hook.</p>
<p>If there is no importer, a wrapper around the basic import machinery is
returned.  This wrapper is never inserted into the importer cache (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>
is inserted instead).</p>
<p>The cache (or part of it) can be cleared manually if a rescan of
<a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path_hooks" title="sys.path_hooks"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path_hooks</span></tt></a> is necessary.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="pkgutil.get_loader">
<tt class="descclassname">pkgutil.</tt><tt class="descname">get_loader</tt><big>(</big><em>module_or_name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#pkgutil.get_loader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Get a <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> &#8220;loader&#8221; object for <em>module_or_name</em>.</p>
<p>If the module or package is accessible via the normal import mechanism, a
wrapper around the relevant part of that machinery is returned.  Returns
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> if the module cannot be found or imported.  If the named module is
not already imported, its containing package (if any) is imported, in order
to establish the package <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__path__</span></tt>.</p>
<p>This function uses <a class="reference internal" href="#pkgutil.iter_importers" title="pkgutil.iter_importers"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">iter_importers()</span></tt></a>, and is thus subject to the same
limitations regarding platform-specific special import locations such as the
Windows registry.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="pkgutil.iter_importers">
<tt class="descclassname">pkgutil.</tt><tt class="descname">iter_importers</tt><big>(</big><em>fullname=''</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#pkgutil.iter_importers" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Yield <span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> importers for the given module name.</p>
<p>If fullname contains a &#8216;.&#8217;, the importers will be for the package containing
fullname, otherwise they will be importers for <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.meta_path" title="sys.meta_path"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.meta_path</span></tt></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt></a>, and Python&#8217;s &#8220;classic&#8221; import machinery, in that order.  If
the named module is in a package, that package is imported as a side effect
of invoking this function.</p>
<p>Non-<span class="target" id="index-8"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> mechanisms (e.g. the Windows registry) used by the standard
import machinery to find files in alternative locations are partially
supported, but are searched <em>after</em> <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt></a>.  Normally, these
locations are searched <em>before</em> <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt></a>, preventing <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt></a>
entries from shadowing them.</p>
<p>For this to cause a visible difference in behaviour, there must be a module
or package name that is accessible via both <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt></a> and one of the
non-<span class="target" id="index-9"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> file system mechanisms.  In this case, the emulation will find
the former version, while the builtin import mechanism will find the latter.</p>
<p>Items of the following types can be affected by this discrepancy:
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">imp.C_EXTENSION</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">imp.PY_SOURCE</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">imp.PY_COMPILED</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">imp.PKG_DIRECTORY</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="pkgutil.iter_modules">
<tt class="descclassname">pkgutil.</tt><tt class="descname">iter_modules</tt><big>(</big><em>path=None</em>, <em>prefix=''</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#pkgutil.iter_modules" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Yields <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(module_loader,</span> <span class="pre">name,</span> <span class="pre">ispkg)</span></tt> for all submodules on <em>path</em>, or, if
path is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, all top-level modules on <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt>.</p>
<p><em>path</em> should be either <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> or a list of paths to look for modules in.</p>
<p><em>prefix</em> is a string to output on the front of every module name on output.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="pkgutil.walk_packages">
<tt class="descclassname">pkgutil.</tt><tt class="descname">walk_packages</tt><big>(</big><em>path=None</em>, <em>prefix=''</em>, <em>onerror=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#pkgutil.walk_packages" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Yields <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(module_loader,</span> <span class="pre">name,</span> <span class="pre">ispkg)</span></tt> for all modules recursively on
<em>path</em>, or, if path is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, all accessible modules.</p>
<p><em>path</em> should be either <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> or a list of paths to look for modules in.</p>
<p><em>prefix</em> is a string to output on the front of every module name on output.</p>
<p>Note that this function must import all <em>packages</em> (<em>not</em> all modules!) on
the given <em>path</em>, in order to access the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__path__</span></tt> attribute to find
submodules.</p>
<p><em>onerror</em> is a function which gets called with one argument (the name of the
package which was being imported) if any exception occurs while trying to
import a package.  If no <em>onerror</em> function is supplied, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ImportError" title="exceptions.ImportError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></tt></a>s
are caught and ignored, while all other exceptions are propagated,
terminating the search.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"># list all modules python can access</span>
<span class="n">walk_packages</span><span class="p">()</span>

<span class="c"># list all submodules of ctypes</span>
<span class="n">walk_packages</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__path__</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__name__</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s">&#39;.&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="pkgutil.get_data">
<tt class="descclassname">pkgutil.</tt><tt class="descname">get_data</tt><big>(</big><em>package</em>, <em>resource</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#pkgutil.get_data" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Get a resource from a package.</p>
<p>This is a wrapper for the <span class="target" id="index-10"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> loader <a class="reference internal" href="#pkgutil.get_data" title="pkgutil.get_data"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_data()</span></tt></a> API.  The
<em>package</em> argument should be the name of a package, in standard module format
(<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo.bar</span></tt>).  The <em>resource</em> argument should be in the form of a relative
filename, using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt> as the path separator.  The parent directory name
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">..</span></tt> is not allowed, and nor is a rooted name (starting with a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt>).</p>
<p>The function returns a binary string that is the contents of the specified
resource.</p>
<p>For packages located in the filesystem, which have already been imported,
this is the rough equivalent of:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dirname</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">modules</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">package</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__file__</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">resource</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the package cannot be located or loaded, or it uses a <span class="target" id="index-11"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0302"><strong>PEP 302</strong></a> loader
which does not support <a class="reference internal" href="#pkgutil.get_data" title="pkgutil.get_data"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_data()</span></tt></a>, then <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> is returned.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6.</span></p>
</dd></dl>

</div>


          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="sphinxsidebar">
        <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
  <p class="topless"><a href="zipimport.html"
                        title="previous chapter">30.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">zipimport</span></tt> &#8212; Import modules from Zip archives</a></p>
  <h4>Next topic</h4>
  <p class="topless"><a href="modulefinder.html"
                        title="next chapter">30.6. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">modulefinder</span></tt> &#8212; Find modules used by a script</a></p>
<h3>This Page</h3>
<ul class="this-page-menu">
  <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li>
  <li><a href="../_sources/library/pkgutil.txt"
         rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li>
</ul>

<div id="searchbox" style="display: none">
  <h3>Quick search</h3>
    <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get">
      <input type="text" name="q" />
      <input type="submit" value="Go" />
      <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
      <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
    </form>
    <p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%">
    Enter search terms or a module, class or function name.
    </p>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="clearer"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="related">
      <h3>Navigation</h3>
      <ul>
        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
          <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
             >index</a></li>
        <li class="right" >
          <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
             >modules</a> |</li>
        <li class="right" >
          <a href="modulefinder.html" title="30.6. modulefinder — Find modules used by a script"
             >next</a> |</li>
        <li class="right" >
          <a href="zipimport.html" title="30.4. zipimport — Import modules from Zip archives"
             >previous</a> |</li>
        <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt=""
                 style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
        <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> &raquo;</li>
        <li>
          <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> &raquo;
        </li>

          <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> &raquo;</li>
          <li><a href="modules.html" >30. Importing Modules</a> &raquo;</li> 
      </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="footer">
    &copy; <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2020, Python Software Foundation.
    <br />
    The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
    <a href="http://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a>
    <br />
    Last updated on Oct 13, 2020.
    <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
    <br />
    Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.1.3.
    </div>

  </body>
</html>